Welcome to the wonderful world of Plants!
CHARACTERISTICS: (to write in the 5 kingdoms foldable)
Type of cell: Eukaryotic, plant cell
Type of nutrition: Autotrophic nutrition (glucose and oxygen are produced)
Type of reproduction: Usually Sexual and some asexual reproduction.
Interaction? Yes, movements, communication among plants by using chemicals ...
Parts of a plant:
ROOT: this organ is underground, it takes the water and minerals from the soil and anchors the plant to the ground.
STEM: this organ supports the plant and carries substances from the roots to the leaves and flowers and from the leaves to all the plant parts. In order to do so, there are some tubes: Xylem tubes (xilema) carry the water and minerals from the soil to the leaves, this is the row sap (savia bruta). Phloem tubes (floema) carry the glucose that has been elaborated in the leaves to all the plant parts, this is the elaborated sap (savia elaborada).
LEAVES: these organs perform photosynthesis, they are specialized in catching the sunlight and the CO2 and transfom them into glucose.
FLOWERS: These organs perform sexual reproduction and produce the seeds and the fruits.
FRUITS: organs that will feed the seed during the first moments of the new plant, before the plant is able to perform the photosynthesis.
Classification: Non-vascular plants: Mosses
Vascular plants: Without flowers:Ferns
With flowers but no fruit:Gymnosperms
With flowers and fruit: Angiosperms
EVOLUTIONARY ORDER: FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX:
-Mosses -Ferns -Gymnosperms -Angiosperms
HOW DO PLANTS PERFORM NUTRITION? Plants perform photosynthesis and produce their own glucose so that their cells can obtain energy through cell respiration. The process needs some molecules and energy. The roots get the water and the minerals from the soil. The stem has some tubes that carry that liquid (row sap) to the leaves, the tubes are called xylem tubes. The leaves have some special cells called guard cells that can open a pore called stoma to allow CO2 to enter the cell. The chlorophyl in the leave cells is able to catch the sunlight and uses it to transform the CO2 and the H2O into glucose. The glucose will be delivered to all the plant parts using some other tubes called phloem tubes in the form of elaborated sap. But O2 has also been produced, O2 exits the cells using the stomata (plural from stoma) and goes to the atmosphere.
What do plants need to survive? Water, CO2, minerals, Oxygen and Sun.
HOW DO PLANTS PERFORM SEXUAL REPRODUCTION?
The flower is the organ for reproduction. The pollen produced in the anther is transported to the stigma of a flower and enters the pistil. Once inside the pistil, the pollen grain fertilizes the ovules and zygotes are produced. The zygote will grow until the seed is formed and the ovary of the pistil will grow until it forms the fruit. When the fruit is mature, it falls down or is transported somewhere else, so that it will feed the seed until it has a bit of a root and small leaves and can start performing the photosynthesis, this process is called germination.
STEPS:
1.- POLLINATION
2.- FERTILIZATION
3.- SEED FORMATION
4.- FRUIT FORMATION
5.- SEED DISPERSION
6.- GERMINATION
7.- GROWING
Classification: according to the complexity
1.- Non-vascular plants: without vessels, flowers and fruits. They are very simple, Example: mosses (musgos). They reproduce with spores. They like humid places to live.
2.- Vascular plants: with xylem and phloem
a.- Without flowers: example: ferns (helechos), their reproduction is with spores and also with gametes. They like humid places to live.
b.- With flowers but no fruit: Gymnosperms (pine tree, fir tree, etc). The flowers are cones, the leaves are needle-like.
c.- With flowers and fruits: Angiosperms (apple tree, rose bush, daisy, grass, etc) They are the most complex plants, they have seeds in fruits. The biggest group of plants.
| plant_kingdom_unit.docx |
| plant_kingdom.ppt |
| honey_to_the_bee_reading.pdf |
| plant_adaptations_handout.docx |
The flower:
The Leaves are the organs of the plant that carry out the autotrophic nutrition. Photosynthesis takes place here. A leaf has some parts and can have different aspects. The shape of the leaves is one of the adaptations of plants, The type of leaf depends on many things, for example: the weather, the amount of rain, the amount of sunlight, etc. Types:
QUESTIONS:
1.- NAME 5 FRUITS.
2.- WHAT IS POLLINATION AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
3.- WHY DO THE TREE LEAVES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES?
4.- IS IT DANGEROUS TO SLEEP IN A ROOM WITH PLANTS?
1.- NAME 5 FRUITS.
2.- WHAT IS POLLINATION AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
3.- WHY DO THE TREE LEAVES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES?
4.- IS IT DANGEROUS TO SLEEP IN A ROOM WITH PLANTS?
